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glossary
1. Plot
Plot is the sequence of events showing characters in conflict. This sequence is not accidental but is chosen by the author as the best way of telling his or her story. If the writer has chosen well, the plot will produce conflict, tension, and action that will arouse and hold our interest.
2. Narrative Order
One of the writer's privileges is to reorder existence, rearrange events, or, in other words, create plot. The writer makes alterations and deletions that our memories are unable to make for us in our own lives. The writer's selectivity and purposeful reordering and highlighting create plot. Narrative order in fiction, the order in which events are related, may follow several patterns, but the most common pattern in young children's literature is the chronological arrangement.
3. Chronological Order
If a story relates events in the order of their happening, the story is in chronological order. Ex: Arthur Dorros's picturebook Papa and Me and Jeanette Winter's Nasreen's Secret School: A True Story from Afghanistan
4. flashback
In fiction for mature reader, narrative order may involve a flashback. Many readers can recall their first experience with a flashback: it was puzzling. "What happened? How come? The writer disrupts normal time sequence to recount some episode out of the character's past, showing how that event influences the character's response to an event in the present. Or the writer shows in flashback a past even that has brought on the present one. Ex: The Apprenticeship of Lucas Whitaker by Cynthia DeFelice
5. Conflict
early 15c., "armed encounter, battle," from Old French conflit and directly from Latin conflictus (see conflict (v.)). Meaning "struggle, quarrel" is from mid-15c. Psychological sense of "incompatible urges in one person" is from 1859 (hence conflicted, past participle adjective). Phrase conflict of interest was in use by 1743.
an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles
2. Narrative Order
One of the writer's privileges is to reorder existence, rearrange events, or, in other words, create plot. The writer makes alterations and deletions that our memories are unable to make for us in our own lives. The writer's selectivity and purposeful reordering and highlighting create plot. Narrative order in fiction, the order in which events are related, may follow several patterns, but the most common pattern in young children's literature is the chronological arrangement.
3. Chronological Order
If a story relates events in the order of their happening, the story is in chronological order. Ex: Arthur Dorros's picturebook Papa and Me and Jeanette Winter's Nasreen's Secret School: A True Story from Afghanistan
4. flashback
In fiction for mature reader, narrative order may involve a flashback. Many readers can recall their first experience with a flashback: it was puzzling. "What happened? How come? The writer disrupts normal time sequence to recount some episode out of the character's past, showing how that event influences the character's response to an event in the present. Or the writer shows in flashback a past even that has brought on the present one. Ex: The Apprenticeship of Lucas Whitaker by Cynthia DeFelice
5. Conflict
early 15c., "armed encounter, battle," from Old French conflit and directly from Latin conflictus (see conflict (v.)). Meaning "struggle, quarrel" is from mid-15c. Psychological sense of "incompatible urges in one person" is from 1859 (hence conflicted, past participle adjective). Phrase conflict of interest was in use by 1743.
an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles
- Both sides involved in the conflict made some concessions in yesterday's talks.
- An independent adviser has been brought in to conciliate between the two sides involved in the conflict.
- The conflict destabilized the whole region.
Plot is a more inclusive concept than narrative order or its synonym, story line, since it involves not only sequence of events, but also conflict. Conflict occurs when the protagonist struggles against an antagonist or opposing force. There are four kinds of conflict in literature: person-against-self, person-against-person, person-against-society, and person-against-nature.
Authors’ introductions
1. John Burningham
John Burningham studied illustration and graphic design at the Central School of Art, graduating with distinction in 1959. Many illustration commissions followed including iconic posters for London Transport, before the publication of Borka: the Adventures of a Goose with No Feathers, John’s first book for children (Cape, 1963) which won the prestigious Kate Greenaway Medal for illustration and heralded the beginning of an extraordinary career.
John Burningham has since written and illustrated over thirty picture books, that have been translated and distributed all over the world. These feature his classic and much loved children’s books including Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, by Ian Fleming (Jonathan Cape, 1964); Mr Gumpy’s Outing (Jonathan Cape, 1970) also awarded the Kate Greenaway Medal; Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne (Jonathan Cape, 1972); The Shopping Basket (Random House, 1980); The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame (Penguin/Puffin, 1983); Granpa (Jonathan Cape, 1984) later made into an animated film and Oi! Get off our Train (Jonathan Cape, 1989) and various books for adults England (Jonathan Cape, 1992); France (Jonathan Cape, 1998); The Time of Your Life (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002) and When We Were Young (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2004).
John Burningham has since written and illustrated over thirty picture books, that have been translated and distributed all over the world. These feature his classic and much loved children’s books including Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, by Ian Fleming (Jonathan Cape, 1964); Mr Gumpy’s Outing (Jonathan Cape, 1970) also awarded the Kate Greenaway Medal; Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne (Jonathan Cape, 1972); The Shopping Basket (Random House, 1980); The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame (Penguin/Puffin, 1983); Granpa (Jonathan Cape, 1984) later made into an animated film and Oi! Get off our Train (Jonathan Cape, 1989) and various books for adults England (Jonathan Cape, 1992); France (Jonathan Cape, 1998); The Time of Your Life (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002) and When We Were Young (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2004).
Arthur Dorros is the writer of many popular books, a number of which he also illustrated. His best-selling stories include Abuela, which was called “a book to set any child dreaming” and one of the “100 Picture Books Everyone Should Know.” Along with awards including ALA Notable Book and Best of the Year for his fiction, his nonfiction books such as Ant Cities are widely recognized, with an Orbis Pictus and numerous Outstanding Science Book awards. He enjoys visiting schools internationally to work with young writers and illustrators.
3. Jeanette Winter
Jeanette Winter is a renowned picture book creator whose acclaimed works include Nanuk the Ice Bear;Malala, A Brave Girl from Pakistan/Iqbal, A Brave Boyfrom Pakistan: Two Stories of Bravery; Henri’s Scissors;Biblioburro: A True Story from Colombia; The Librarian of Basra: A True Story from Iraq; and Nasreen’s Secret School: A True Story from Afghanistan.
4. Patricia Reilly Giff
Patricia Reilly Giff (born April 26, 1935, Brooklyn, New York, United States) is an American author and teacher. She was educated at Marymount College, where she was awarded a B.A. degree, and St. John's University, where she earned an M.A. and Hofstra University, where she was awarded a Professional Diploma in Reading and a Doctorate of Humane Letters. After spending some twenty years as a full-time teacher, she began writing, specializing in children's literature. Giff now resides inTrumbull, Connecticut, along with her husband Jim and their three children. Giff's writing workshops have influenced other children's authors such as Tony Abbott and Elise Broach.
5. Karen Hesse
Karen was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She studied poetry at nearby Towson State College and married Randy Hesse in 1971 before completing her studies. She attended college at Towson University, University of Maryland and College Park. She earned a B.A. in English with double minors in psychology, and anthropology, during which she began writing poetry.
After graduating, she moved with her husband to Brattleboro, Vermont, had two children, Rachel and Kate, took jobs in publishing, and started writing children's books.
6. Rita Williams-Garcia
Rita Williams-Garcia (born 1957) is an American writer of young-adult novels. She won the 2011 Newbery Honor Award, Coretta Scott King Award, and Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction for her book, One Crazy Summer. She won the PEN/Norma Klein Award. Her book, P.S. Be Eleven, won the Coretta Scott King Award in 2014. In 2016 her book, Gone Crazy in Alabama won the Coretta Scott King Award.
7. Margarita Engle
Margarita Engle is the Cuban-American winner of the first Newbery Honor ever awarded to a Latino. Her award winning young adult novels in verse include The Surrender Tree, The Poet Slave of Cuba, and The Lightning Dreamer, winner of the PEN USA Award.
Engle's most recent books are Orangutanka, Drum Dream Girl, The Sky Painter, and Enchanted Air. All of these books are to be released in 2015. For news and updates, visit http://margaritaengle.com/
She lives in central California, where she enjoys helping her husband with his volunteer work for wilderness search and rescue dog training programs.
Engle's most recent books are Orangutanka, Drum Dream Girl, The Sky Painter, and Enchanted Air. All of these books are to be released in 2015. For news and updates, visit http://margaritaengle.com/
She lives in central California, where she enjoys helping her husband with his volunteer work for wilderness search and rescue dog training programs.
8. Cynthia DeFelice
Cynthia Carter was born 1951 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her father was a psychiatrist, and her mother was an English teacher, who stopped working to raise Cynthia and her siblings. DeFelice credits her mother for sparking her interest in books. Among her three siblings is US Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter. She began writing children's books in 1987. She lives in Geneva, New York.
Books
introductions
1. Time to Get Out of the Bath, Shirley by John Burningham
It's time to get out of the bath but Shirley's not listening. She's floated away to a secret watery land beyond the plughole—to where knights ride white horses, and kings and queens float in moats around their castles.
2. Papa and Me by Arthur Dorros
In Papá and Me, a young boy and his papa may speak both Spanish and English, but the most important language they speak is the language of love. In this beautiful bilingual picture book, Arthur Dorros portrays the close bond between father and son, with lush paintings by Rudy Gutierrez. Fans of Abuelo;Abuela; and La Isla will be thrilled by this multigenerational picture book that emphasizes the overall message of love between a parent and child.
3. Nasreen's Secret School: A True Story from Afghanistan
by Jeanette Winter
Young Nasreen has not spoken a word to anyone since her parents disappeared.
In despair, her grandmother risks everything to enroll Nasreen in a secret school for girls. Will a devoted teacher, a new friend, and the worlds she discovers in books be enough to draw Nasreen out of her shell of sadness?
Based on a true story from Afghanistan, this inspiring book will touch readers deeply as it affirms both the life-changing power of education and the healing power of love.
In despair, her grandmother risks everything to enroll Nasreen in a secret school for girls. Will a devoted teacher, a new friend, and the worlds she discovers in books be enough to draw Nasreen out of her shell of sadness?
Based on a true story from Afghanistan, this inspiring book will touch readers deeply as it affirms both the life-changing power of education and the healing power of love.
4. Pictures of Hollis Woods by Patricia Reilly Giff
Hollis Woods
is the place where a baby was abandoned
is the baby’s name
is an artist
is now a twelve-year-old girl
who’s been in so many foster homes she can hardly remember them all.
When Hollis is sent to Josie, an elderly artist who is quirky and affectionate, she wants to stay. But Josie is growing more forgetful every day. If Social Services finds out, they’ll take Hollis away and move Josie into a home. Well, Hollis Woods won’t let anyone separate them. She’s escaped the system before; this time, she’s taking Josie with her. Still, even as she plans her future with Josie, Hollis dreams of the past summer with the Regans, fixing each special moment of her days with them in pictures she’ll never forget.
Patricia Reilly Giff captures the yearning for a place to belong in this warmhearted story, which stresses the importance of artistic vision, creativity, and above all, family.
is the place where a baby was abandoned
is the baby’s name
is an artist
is now a twelve-year-old girl
who’s been in so many foster homes she can hardly remember them all.
When Hollis is sent to Josie, an elderly artist who is quirky and affectionate, she wants to stay. But Josie is growing more forgetful every day. If Social Services finds out, they’ll take Hollis away and move Josie into a home. Well, Hollis Woods won’t let anyone separate them. She’s escaped the system before; this time, she’s taking Josie with her. Still, even as she plans her future with Josie, Hollis dreams of the past summer with the Regans, fixing each special moment of her days with them in pictures she’ll never forget.
Patricia Reilly Giff captures the yearning for a place to belong in this warmhearted story, which stresses the importance of artistic vision, creativity, and above all, family.
5. Stowaway by Karen Hesse
It is known that in the summer of 1768, Captain James Cook sailed from England on H.M.S Endeavour, beginning a three-year voyage around the world on a secret mission to discover an unknown continent at the bottom of the globe. What is less known is that a boy by the name of Nicholas Young was a stowaway on that ship.
Newbery winner Karen Hesse re-creates Cook's momentous voyage through the eyes of this remarkable boy, creating a fictional journal filled with fierce hurricanes, warring natives, and disease, as Nick discovers new lands, incredible creatures, and lifelong friends.
6. Jumped by Rita Williams-Garcia
Award-winning author Rita Williams-Garcia intertwines the lives of three very different teens in this fast-paced, gritty narrative about choices and the impact that even the most seemingly insignificant ones can have. Weaving in and out of the girls' perspectives, readers will find themselves with three different voices and sides to one story, reminiscent of Yaqui Delgado Wants to Kick Your Ass and How It All Went Down.
Trina: "Hey," I say, though I don't really know them. It's okay if they don't speak. I know how it is. They can't all be Trina.
Dominique: Some stupid little flit cuts right between us and is like, "Hey." I slam my fist into my other hand because she's as good as jumped.
Leticia: Girl fights are ugly. Girl fights are personal. And who's to say I wasn't seeing it from the wrong angle?
Dominique: Some stupid little flit cuts right between us and is like, "Hey." I slam my fist into my other hand because she's as good as jumped.
Leticia: Girl fights are ugly. Girl fights are personal. And who's to say I wasn't seeing it from the wrong angle?
7. The Surrender Tree: Poems of Cuba's Struggle for Freedom by Margarita Engle
It is 1896. Cuba has fought three wars for independence and still is not free. People have been rounded up in reconcentration camps with too little food and too much illness. Rosa is a nurse, but she dares not go to the camps. So she turns hidden caves into hospitals for those who know how to find her.
Black, white, Cuban, Spanish―Rosa does her best for everyone. Yet who can heal a country so torn apart by war? Acclaimed poet Margarita Engle has created another breathtaking portrait of Cuba.
The Surrender Tree is a 2009 Newbery Honor Book, the winner of the 2009 Pura Belpre Medal for Narrative and the 2009 Bank Street - Claudia Lewis Award, and a 2009 Bank Street - Best Children's Book of the Year.
8. The Apprenticeship of Lucas Whitaker by Cynthia DeFelice
A Matter of Life or Death
It's 1849, and twelve-year-old, Lucas Whitaker is all alone after his whole family dies of a disease called consumption which has swept through the community. Lucas is grief-stricken and filled with guilt. He might have saved his mother, who was the last to die, if only he had listened to news of a strange cure for this deadly disease.
Unable to manage the family farm by himself, Lucas finds work as an apprentice to Doc Beecher, doctor, dentist, barber and undertaker. Doc amputates a leg as easily as he pulls a tooth, yet when it comes to consumption, he remains powerless, unwilling to try the cure he calls nonsense. Lucas can't accept Doc's disbelief, and he joins others in the dark ritual they believe is their only hope. The startling results teach Lucas a great deal about fear, desperation, and the scientific reasoning that offers hope for a true cure.
The Apprenticeship of Lucas Whitaker is a 2008 Bank Street - Best Children's Book of the Year.
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